For the photo radar vans, It is determined by the law, 10 miles an hour over the posted limit. Then it has to be verified and signed off by the officer that was posted in the van.
For red light tickets, the infractions are determined by computer, then verified by a human. An officer from the jurisdiction then signs off on the infraction issuing the citation. In both cases they look to see if the driver is visible and attempt to verify if the gender of the driver matches the gender of the registered owner of the vehicle. When they can’t make a determination, a citation is not issued.